Robotics is rapidly evolving, and Caltech researchers have now created an innovative “Transformer” robot called ATMO that can change its shape while in mid-air. This breakthrough allows the robot to smoothly transition from flying to driving modes, enhancing mobility and adaptability for challenging environments.
Unlike traditional robots that either fly or drive, ATMO combines both abilities by morphing its structure mid-flight. Using four thrusters for flight, its protective shrouds transform into wheels for ground movement, powered by a single motor that shifts the robot between drone and driving configurations.
This design mimics nature — similar to how birds adjust their body shape in flight — and addresses long-standing aerospace challenges related to near-ground aerodynamics and landing dynamics. By studying airflow and forces near the ground, the team developed advanced control algorithms enabling ATMO to land with a steep tilt angle and continue driving without pause.
Weighing just 5.5 kg and equipped with onboard sensors and a custom controller, ATMO has successfully demonstrated dynamic transitions including takeoff, mid-air shape-shifting, landing on slopes, and smooth driving maneuvers.
This mid-air transformation capability significantly increases robot agility and operational range, paving the way for more autonomous, versatile robots suited for complex real-world environments like exploration and delivery.
Further testing is needed to adapt these maneuvers to unstructured, unpredictable terrains using onboard sensors alone, but this research marks a major step forward in the integration of aerial and ground robotic mobility.
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